A shared framework for government.
A constitution addresses basic questions: what rights do people have, how is state power divided, and who may make laws? In Germany, this framework is called the Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, often abbreviated GG.
When an explanation refers to “Article 5 GG”, it means a provision of this constitution: freedom of expression appears there. Article 20 describes democracy, the social state and legal constraints on government. The document connects individual rights with rules for public institutions.
The other three answers
The first three options sound plausible, but do not give the actual title.
People's Law
“People’s Law” is not the name of the constitution. The principle that state authority derives from the people does not make this invented title correct.
Federal Law
A federal law is legislation at federal level. The term identifies the legislative level, rather than specifically naming the constitution.
German Law
“German Law” is a general description. Many provisions are German laws. The question asks for the established name of the constitutional text.
“Basic Law” does not mean an ordinary statute.
Although its title contains “Law”, the Basic Law has constitutional status. Legislation must comply with it. An ordinary majority cannot simply ignore it.
The Basic Law can be amended under special conditions. Article 79 generally requires two-thirds majorities in the Bundestag and Bundesrat and protects certain principles from amendment. Avoid both misconceptions: that every law is the constitution, or that no word of the constitution can ever change.
Article 20 · Basic Law ↗German constitution = Grundgesetz = GG.
“Grund” suggests a foundation. That helps recall the name; its special legal status comes from the constitution itself.
Three words for this question
- die Verfassungconstitution
- A state’s fundamental legal framework.
- das GrundgesetzBasic Law
- The name of the Federal Republic of Germany’s constitution.
- der Artikelarticle
- A numbered provision used to refer to parts of the Basic Law.