One shared constitutional order, different responsibilities.
A school and a federal ministry both belong to public life but not to the same level. Länder have their own governments and parliaments. The federation handles the responsibilities assigned to it. This division is called federalism.
Article 30 starts with the Länder: governmental powers and tasks belong to them unless the Basic Law provides otherwise. To identify a specific responsibility, one must therefore consider the relevant constitutional rule and legislation.
The other three answers
The other terms describe different political systems.
a socialist state.
The constitution describes Germany as a social federal state, not a socialist state.
a dictatorship.
A dictatorship concentrates political power without the democratic guarantees of the Basic Law.
a monarchy.
A hereditary monarch as head of state does not fit the Federal Republic. The Federal President is elected.
Not every task is regulated separately sixteen times.
Federalism includes shared rules and cooperation. State authorities can also implement federal law, so legislation and administration must be considered separately.
The Länder are not independent foreign countries. They are constituent states of the Federal Republic and are bound by the Basic Law.
Article 30 · Basic Law ↗Federal state: responsibilities for both federation and Länder.
Identify the level first, then the specific responsibility.
Three words for this question
- der Bundfederation
- Germany’s federal level.
- das Landconstituent state
- Here a German state, not a foreign country.
- die Zuständigkeitresponsibility
- A function legally assigned to a body.