First check whether the question asks for a country or a city.
The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is an independent country. It lies between Germany, Belgium and France. When the question asks for a neighbouring country of Germany, it means this state.
The capital is also called Luxembourg. In English texts, the term “Luxembourg City” helps distinguish the city from the country. A capital is a place within a state; it is not the same as the whole national territory.
The other three answers
The other countries are in Europe but do not share an immediate land border with Germany.
Spain
Spain is not an immediate neighbour of Germany. Being in Europe is not enough to share a border.
Bulgaria
Bulgaria is not one of the nine countries directly bordering Germany. A travel connection between countries is not a shared national border.
Norway
Norway does not share a land border with Germany. Do not confuse a connection across the sea with direct neighbouring status on land.
A small country remains a country in its own right.
A country’s size does not determine whether it is a neighbouring state. Luxembourg is neither a German federal state nor merely a city. What matters is its own national territory and that territory’s shared border with Germany.
This question asks about geographical neighbouring status. Whether a country belongs to the EU or the Schengen area, and which currency it uses, are separate questions. Do not use its border location as a substitute for that information.
Luxembourg’s territory · Government of Luxembourg ↗Luxembourg: a country next to Germany, with a capital of the same name.
Associate the name with the country first. The city is its capital, not an additional neighbouring country.
Three words for this question
- der Nachbarstaatneighbouring country
- A country whose territory directly borders another country.
- die Hauptstadtcapital
- The city designated as a country’s political centre.
- das Staatsgebietnational territory
- The territory belonging to a country.