Bavaria’s government is headed by the Minister-President.

Distinguish the office, its holder and the level of government.

The title remains the term to learn even when someone else takes office. Article 44 of the Bavarian Constitution provides for election by the Landtag. Voters therefore elect the Landtag; the separate election of the head of government takes place in parliament.

Under Article 47, the officeholder chairs the State Government, manages its work and sets its political guidelines. The officeholder is accountable to the Landtag for those guidelines. This office therefore differs from running a city or leading parliament itself.

The other three answers

Pay particular attention to the difference between the German title and its English translation.

The English choices do not establish an unambiguous translation rule.

The state portal uses Minister-President. An older English document from Bavaria’s economic affairs ministry also uses Deputy Bavarian Prime Minister. It would therefore be wrong to claim that Prime Minister can never refer to a German state-level office. The exam answer remains unchanged; the key is the German title Ministerpräsident or Ministerpräsidentin.

The question does not ask for the current person, party or cabinet membership. Such details can change and should be checked on current official pages when needed.